Genitourinary Cancers

Genitourinary cancers involve primarily the Kidney Ureter Bladder and the male genitalia - the penis, testis & scrotum.
Kidney cancers may present with blood in urine. However given their indolent nature they are either often incidentally picked up early on routine abdominal sonography during a health check up for some unrelated symptoms or at an advanced stage whilst investigating constitutional symptoms of unexplained weight loss / bone pains related to metastases.
The diagnosis is primarily radiological. Biopsy or FNAC is usually not recommended in Renal Cell Cancers.
When picked up early the treatment is surgery wherein the affected kidney is removed either partially or completely depending on extent of involvement.
This surgery Radical Nephrectomy is now often performed with Minimal Access Laproscopy either through a Retroperitoneal or transperitoneal approach.
Cancers of the Urinary Bladder are mushroom like growths along the inner lining of the bladder.
They are best treated with a cystoscopic transurethral resection if superficial or with complete removal of the bladder if deep infiltration is present.
Testicular cancers often present as a painless swelling of one of the testis in the scrotum.
The diagnosis is usually on the basis of clinical and radiological findings corroborated with serological markers.
Treatment involves a surgical removal of the affected testis a high orchiectomy often followed by chemotherapy depending on staging.
Penile cancers present with an ulcer on the glans or foreskin.
Punch biopsy is recommended to confirm the diagnosis and treatment is with surgery partial or complete removal of the penis.